With a 20 horsepower, four-cylinder vaporising oil engine, a three-speed spur gear transmission (the three forward speeds ranged from approximately 2 to 6 mph), and a worm gear reduction set in the differential, the first Fordson Model F was the first small, lightweight, mass-produced, affordable tractor in the world, making it possible for the average farmer to own a tractor for the first time. Early Fordsons had no brakes, instead the driver depressed the clutch to stop the tractor. High-ratio worm sets generally transmitted rotation in one direction only, from the worm element to the gear element, due to the fact of the high power loss through friction.
The Fordson Model F still involves a high level of maintenance mainly because some design flaws, in particular lack of weight, unbearable heat during operation, and engine failure. The light weight tractor had wheel slippage or would flip over backwards from the excessive torque in the transmission if it encountered sudden resistance on the drawbar if the plow came across an obstruction. Also, the worm drive, originally set at the top under the driver's seat, was moved to minimize heat exposure to the driver during heavy operation, and facilitate for larger rear wheels to enhance traction.
The Fordson Model N, which replaced the Model F in 1927, showcased a 27 HP engine, standard rear fenders (mudguards), a higher voltage ignition system, optional pneumatic tires, and added power take-off (PTO) as an option in 1935. A few years later, Ford incorporated a hydraulic three-point hitch designed by Harry Ferguson.
The Ford-Ferguson 9N tractor boasted a three speed transmission, rubber tires, power take-off, Ferguson hydraulics, an electric starter, generator, and battery; lights were optional. Enhancements over the Model F included an updated ignition with a distributor and coil, plus an unique system of tire mounts for the rear wheels and versatile axle mounts for the front wheels which made it possible for farmers to accommodate any width row-crop work they had.
Alike in design to the 9N, the Ford 2N tractor was introduced in 1942 during World War II, with the same three speed transmission as the Ford 9N but integrated a larger cooling fan and a pressurized radiator. Because of wartime regulations on manufacturers, some Ford 2N tractors had all-steel wheels, no sleeves over the engine, and had a magneto ignition system instead of a battery. The front-mounted distributor proved extremely hard to service.
In 1947, Ford released the most popular farm tractor of all time: the Ford 8N. Boasting more power and an improved transmission, more than 500,000 Ford 8N tractors were sold in the United States between 1947 and 1952. It was loaded with a 4-speed transmission, the clutch on the left side and independent brakes on the right, running boards, a "Position-control" setting for the hydraulics, and incorporated a PTO overrunning coupler to prevent an overrunning clutch at the end of the PTO shaft. In 1950, Ford 8N tractors included a side-mounted distributor and a Proofmeter (a combined speedometer, tachometer, and hour meter) found on the lower right of the dash.
The "Golden Jubilee", also referred to as the Ford NAA and which was larger than the Ford 8N, was released in 1953 and included an overhead valve engine and live hydraulics.
About the Author:
Tractoropolis specializes in helping find parts for vintage tractors. To find out more about vintage tractor parts and see how we can help you, visit www.tractoropolis.com or give us a call at 877-394-5455.
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